Hello, ladies and gentlemen, today, I am going to give a presentation on something that people were interested in even in 1000B.C.E. Flying. To be exact, history of flight. The reason I chose this topic was that I wanted to learn more about the topic. Also, I thought it would be interesting because almost everyone knows about famous events in history of flight. For example, Wright brothers' first flight in an airplane. Now, I'll tell you what I am going to talk about. First, I will talk about first manned flight, after that, first powered, sustained, and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air machine. 

 First, I'll talk about the first manned flight. In June 1783, Jean Francois Pilatre de Rozier witnessed the first public demonstration of a balloon by the Montgolfier brothers. On 19 September, he assisted with the untethered flight of a sheep, a cockerel and a duck from the front courtyard of the Palace of Versailles. The French King Louis the sixteenth decided that the first manned flight would contain two condemned criminals, but de Rozier enlisted the help of the Duchess de Polignac to support his view that the honour of becoming the first balloonists should belong to someone of higher status, and Marquis d'Arlandes agreed to accompany him. The King was persuaded to permit d'Arlandes and de Rozier to become the first pilots.

 After several tethered tests to gain some experience of controlling the balloon, de Rozier and d'Arlandes made their first untethered flight in a Montgolfier hot air balloon on 21 November 1783, taking off at around  p.m. from the garden of the Chateau de la Muette in the Bois de Boulogne, in the presence of the King. Their 5 minute flight travelled slowly about 5 and a half miles, some 9km, to the southeast, attainig an altitude of 3000 feet, before returning to the ground at the Butte-aux-Cailles, then on the outskirts of Paris.

 Secondly, this is about the first powered, sustained, and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air flying machine. In 1903, the Wright brothers built the powered Wright Flyer 1, using their preferred material for construction, spruce, a strong and lightweight wood, and Pride of the West muslin for surface coverings.

 In camp at Kill Devil Hills, they suffered weeks of delays caused by broken propeller shafts during engine tests. After the shafts were replaced, Wilbur won a coin toss and made a three-second fllight attempt on December 14.1903, stalling after takeoff and causing minor damage to the Flyer. In a message to their family, Wilbur referred to the trial as having only 'partial success'.

 Following repairs, the Wrights finally took to the air on December 17,1903, making two flights each from level ground into a freezing headwind gusting to 43 km per hour. The first flight, by Orville, of 37m in 12 seconds, at a speed of only 10.9km, per hour over the ground was recorded in a famous photograph. The next two flights covered approximately 53 m and 61m, by Wilbur and Orville repectively. Their altitude was about 3m above the ground.

 The airplane never flew again after 4 flights.. Why? Because after the men hauled the Flyer back from its fourth flight, a powerful gust of wind flipped it over several times, despite their attempt to hold it down. Severely damaged, the airplane never flew again. The brothers shipped it home, and years later, Orville restored it, lending it to several U.S locations for display, then to a British museum before it was finally installed in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. in 1948, its current residence.

 I think that it is amazing for people to have done what they did. Human muscles are inadequete for flight, but by develping technology, we made flight for humans possible. Thank you for your time and attention